As backplane speeds rise, backplane/board/connector design is not getting any easier. In this presentation, we demonstrate new de-embedding techniques integrated into VNA firmware that make frequency-domain signal integrity measurements easier, more accurate, and less error-prone. We also present new tools to predict system response to arbitrary time domain signals. By implementing a “virtual” signal generator for multilevel PAM signals (NRZ, PAM-4, PAM-8, PAM-16), coupled with the impulse response of the measured S-parameters, eye diagrams are produced and updated in real-time.

Technical Presentations